Ethiopian Mustard Emerging as Non-Food Feedstock and Environmentally Sustainable Crop: Current Status, Constraints, and Future Prospects

Abstract

Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) also known as Carinata is gaining an increasing significance as a non-food cover crop and fully non-GMO plant protein sources, highlighting its environmental sustainability attributes. Historically as a condiment and leafy vegetable, it has recently garnered attention as a promising source of oilseed for various industrial applications, including biofuels and lubricants. This paper provides an overview of the current status of Ethiopian mustard cultivation, elucidates the constraints faced by farmers and researchers, and delineates future prospects for its expansion and utilization as sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Key factors contributing to its appeal include its adaptability to diverse agro-climatic conditions, relatively low input requirements, and potential to mitigate environmental impacts associated with conventional oilseed crops. However, challenges such as limited genetic diversity, agronomic practices, and market development necessitate comprehensive strategies to unlock its full potential. Through interdisciplinary collaboration, policy support, and technological innovations, Carinata holds promise as a sustainable alternative in non-food oilseed production, contributing to both agricultural resilience and environmental stewardship.