Indigenous plant resources as potential probiotic sources for fermentative feed enhancements: a semi-arid perspective

Abstract

This study explores the potential of indigenous plants as probiotic enhancers for fermentative feed in Lupane District, a semi-arid region with limited livestock feed resources. The aim was to identify and evaluate local plants to improve maize silage through probiotic effects. Using a mixed-method approach, a field survey identified Colophospermum mopane, Moringa oleifera, Aloe barbadensis miller, Vachellia karroo, and Terminalia sericea as promising candidates, with microbiological analysis revealing the presence of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus spp. and Bacillus spp. in some species. A randomized trial tested microbial promotion in silages with maize mixed with each plant at an 80:20 ratio, using a 100% maize control. Molasses was added to each mix to promote fermentation. Results showed maize-Colophospermum mopane and maize-Aloe barbadensis miller silages had significantly improved crude protein, fiber, dry matter, and pH levels (p < 0.05), enhancing fermentation and nutrient retention. Organoleptic properties such as color and smell showed no notable differences across treatments. These findings suggest that incorporating indigenous plants into silage production can boost feed quality and nutritional value for livestock in resource-limited settings.